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Working Principle of the Automatic Cutting Machine
Release Date:
2021-08-12
In general, an automatic cutting machine can perform machining operations on workpieces according to a pre-programmed processing sequence. To do this, we first define the tool parameters, tool motion trajectories, cutting parameters, process routing, and auxiliary function offsets for each part. These data are then encoded into a machining program using the specific codes and program formats prescribed by the machine. The resulting program is subsequently recorded on a control medium—such as a magnetic disk, magnetic tape, or punched paper tape—and loaded into the CNC system of the automatic cutting machine, which in turn directs the machine tool to automatically perform the required machining operations. Next, we will discuss the operating principle of the automatic cutting machine to help you gain a better understanding of its functionality.
The automated cutting machine can handle the entire process—from analyzing the part drawing to generating the control media—commonly referred to as CNC programming. Compared with conventional manual and semi-automatic cutting machines, the key difference when reworking parts is that the automated cutting machine performs automatic machining according to a pre-programmed sequence, whereas manual or semi-automatic equipment requires direct human operation. With an automated cutting machine, simply by modifying the program that controls the machine tool’s motion, it is possible to produce different parts. Therefore, automated cutting machines are particularly well suited for machining small-batch parts that have complex geometries and stringent dimensional accuracy requirements.
Because automatic cutting machines can process parts according to their pre-programmed instructions, once the programming is completed, the operator inputs the program into the CNC system, which then controls the machine tool to perform the machining. The program is loaded via a data medium, enabling the CNC system to precisely execute the machining operations. Moreover, with the assistance of draftsmen who can promptly modify the part geometry, the use of automatic cutting machines becomes smoother and more convenient, while significantly improving the dimensional accuracy of the machined features compared with semi-automatic and manual cutting equipment.
In the machining process, common methods for sheet metal cutting include manual cutting, semi-automatic cutting using cutting machines, and automatic cutting with CNC machines. Manual cutting is flexible and convenient, but it yields poor quality, significant dimensional inaccuracies, substantial material waste, and heavy post-processing requirements, while also involving harsh working conditions and low productivity. Among semi-automatic cutting machines, contour-following cutters produce relatively good part quality; however, because they rely on cutting dies, they are unsuitable for single-piece production, small-batch runs, or cutting large workpieces. Other types of semi-automatic cutters, although reducing operator workload, have limited functionality and are only appropriate for cutting parts with relatively regular shapes. In contrast, CNC cutting can effectively improve both cutting efficiency and quality compared with manual and semi-automatic methods.
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